Premios Isabel Zendal de Promoción do Pensamento Crítico en Educación Secundaria e Bacharelato. III Edición

Neste volume recóllense os traballos premiados na terceira edición dos Premios Isabel Zendal, convocada en marzo de 2021 e cuxa resolución tivo lugar en maio do mesmo ano. Conformaron o xurado: Mª Cristina Naya Riveiro, Francisco Armesto Ramón, Marisa Castiñeira García, Manuel Ferreiro Fernández, Manuel Francisco Herrador Barrios e Susana Ladra González. O certame está dirixido ao alumnado escolarizado en centros educativos españois desde o primeiro curso da educación secundaria obrigatoria (ESO) ata o segundo curso de bacharelato, de modo que consta de dúas categorías de participación: unha para o alumnado de 1.º a 3.º curso da ESO e FP básica; e outra para o alumnado de 4.º da ESO a 2.º de bacharelato e mais dos ciclos formativos de grao medio. A participación no concurso realízase a través dun xénero literario, que pode ser un artigo xornalístico, a exposición divulgativa dun experimento desenvolvido polo alumnado, o conto ou o relato curto. Valórase que os traballos integren os valores do pensamento escéptico e científico, a difusión do coñecemento, a ciencia e os seus métodos, a refutación das pseudociencias, así como a loita contra a difusión de enganos e novas falsas. Os Premios Isabel Zendal, concibidos como unha actividade de extensión universitaria da Universidade da Coruña, por medio da Unidade de Divulgación Científica e Cultural e en colaboración co Círculo Escéptico e a Deputación da Coruña, teñen precisamente como finalidade este obxectivo: promover o pensamento crítico e a cultura científica entre a xuventude, vítima en moitas ocasións da difusión e divulgación de falsidades

Premios Isabel Zendal de Promoción do Pensamento Crítico en Educación Secundaria e Bacharelato. II Edición

A segunda edición dos Premios Isabel Zendal preséntase como unha actividade de extensión universitaria da Universidade da Coruña, por medio da Unidade de Divulgación Científica e Cultural e en colaboración co Círculo Escéptico. A súa finalidade é promover o pensamento crítico e a cultura científica entre a xuventude, vítima en moitas ocasións da difusión e divulgación de informacións e crenzas falsas. O premio está dirixido ao alumnado escolarizado en centros educativos españois, desde o primeiro curso da educación secundaria obrigatoria (ESO) ata o segundo curso de bacharelato, de modo que consta de dúas categorías de participación: unha para o alumnado de 1.º a 3.º curso da ESO e FP básica; e outra para o alumnado de 4.º da ESO a 2.º de bacharelato, máis os ciclos formativos de grao medio. A participación no concurso realízase a través dun xénero literario —que pode ser un artigo xornalístico— a exposición divulgativa dun experimento desenvolvido polo alumnado, o conto ou o relato curto. Valórase que os traballos integren os valores do pensamento escéptico e científico, a difusión do coñecemento, a ciencia e os seus métodos e a refutación das pseudociencias, así como a loita contra a difusión de enganos e as novas falsas. Neste documento recóllense os traballos premiados nesta segunda edición dos Premios Isabel Zendal, convocada en marzo de 2020 e cuxa resolución tivo lugar en xullo do mesmo ano. Xurado: Francisco Armesto Ramón, Marisa Castiñeira García, Manuel Francisco Herrador Barrios, Susana Ladra González, Xoán Luís López Viñas e M.ª Cristina Naya Riveiro

Success factors for service innovation: a meta-analysis

Service sectors form a considerable part of the world economy. Contrary to the logical assumption that service innovation research should represent a significant share of all innovation research, the vast majority of innovation studies focus on products as opposed to services. This research presents a meta-analysis of the antecedents of service innovation performance conducted on 92 independent samples obtained from 114 articles published between 1989 and 2015. This research contributes to our understanding of service innovation in three major ways. First, this is the first meta-analysis that specifically assesses the relative importance of antecedents of service innovation performance, while also pinpointing the differences in meta-analytic findings between antecedents of service and product innovation performance. Whilst there are some universal success factors that transcend the boundaries between services and products, the presence of marked differences implies that it would be wrong to treat the development of new services and new products as the same. Second, the meta-analysis demonstrates that the antecedents of service innovation performance are contingent on the sector context (i.e., explicit versus tacit services). Comparing results between products and services, and between tacit and explicit services, there appears to be a continuum where explicit services sit interstitial between tacit services on one side and products on the other. Third, the meta-analysis compares and contrasts the antecedents of two dimensions of service innovation performance (i.e., commercial success and strategic competitive advantage). Previous meta-analyses treated these two dependent variables collectively, which falls short of identifying issues that may affect management decisions when faced with different objectives. Additionally, this research investigates the effect of several other moderators (i.e., culture, unit of analysis, journal quality, and year of publication) on the relationships between the antecedents and service innovation performance. The results are discussed in relation to their implications for research and managerial practice

Azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of the surface detector signals of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The azimuthal asymmetry in the risetime of signals in Auger surface detector stations is a source of information on shower development. The azimuthal asymmetry is due to a combination of the longitudinal evolution of the shower and geometrical effects related to the angles of incidence of the particles into the detectors. The magnitude of the effect depends upon the zenith angle and state of development of the shower and thus provides a novel observable, $(\sec \theta)_\mathrm{max}$, sensitive to the mass composition of cosmic rays above $3 \times 10^{18}$ eV. By comparing measurements with predictions from shower simulations, we find for both of our adopted models of hadronic physics (QGSJETII-04 and EPOS-LHC) an indication that the mean cosmic-ray mass increases slowly with energy, as has been inferred from other studies. However, the mass estimates are dependent on the shower model and on the range of distance from the shower core selected. Thus the method has uncovered further deficiencies in our understanding of shower modelling that must be resolved before the mass composition can be inferred from $(\sec \theta)_\mathrm{max}$.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Evidence for a mixed mass composition at the `ankle' in the cosmic-ray spectrum

We report a first measurement for ultra-high energy cosmic rays of the correlation between the depth of shower maximum and the signal in the water Cherenkov stations of air-showers registered simultaneously by the fluorescence and the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Such a correlation measurement is a unique feature of a hybrid air-shower observatory with sensitivity to both the electromagnetic and muonic components. It allows an accurate determination of the spread of primary masses in the cosmic-ray flux. Up till now, constraints on the spread of primary masses have been dominated by systematic uncertainties. The present correlation measurement is not affected by systematics in the measurement of the depth of shower maximum or the signal in the water Cherenkov stations. The analysis relies on general characteristics of air showers and is thus robust also with respect to uncertainties in hadronic event generators. The observed correlation in the energy range around the `ankle' at $\lg(E/{\rm eV})=18.5-19.0$ differs significantly from expectations for pure primary cosmic-ray compositions. A light composition made up of proton and helium only is equally inconsistent with observations. The data are explained well by a mixed composition including nuclei with mass $A > 4$. Scenarios such as the proton dip model, with almost pure compositions, are thus disfavoured as the sole explanation of the ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray flux at Earth.Comment: Published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Added Report Numbe

The Pierre Auger Observatory: Contributions to the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2015)

Contributions of the Pierre Auger Collaboration to the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 30 July - 6 August 2015, The Hague, The NetherlandsComment: 24 proceedings, the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 30 July - 6 August 2015, The Hague, The Netherlands; will appear in PoS(ICRC2015

Association Among Polyphenol Intake, Uric Acid, and Hyperuricemia: A CrossSectional Analysis in a Population at High Cardiovascular Risk

Dietary polyphenol intake has been associated with a decreased risk of hyperuricemia, but most of this knowledge comes from preclinical studies. The aim of the present study was to assess the association of the intake of different classes of polyphenols with serum uric acid and hyperuricemia. This cross- sectional analysis involved baseline data of 6332 participants. Food polyphenol con- tent was estimated by a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and from the Phenol-Explorer database. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models with serum uric acid (milligrams per deciliter) as the outcome and polyphenol intake (quintiles) as the main independent variable were fitted. Cox regression models with constant follow-up time (t=1) were performed to estimate the prevalence ratios (PRs) of hyperuricemia (≥7 mg/dL in men and ≥6 mg/dL in women). An inverse association between the intake of the phenolic acid class (β coefficient, −0.17 mg/dL for quintile 5 versus quintile 1 [95% CI, −0.27 to −0.06]) and hydroxycinnamic acids (β coefficient, −0.19 [95% CI, −0.3 to −0.09]), alkylmethoxyphenols (β coefficient, −0.2 [95% CI, −0.31 to −0.1]), and methoxyphenols (β coefficient, −0.24 [95% CI, −0.34 to −0.13]) subclasses with serum uric acid levels and hyperuricemia (PR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.71– 0.95]; PR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.71– 0.95]; PR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.70– 0.92]; and PR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.69– 0.91]; respectively) was found. The intake of hydroxybenzoic acids was directly and significantly as- sociated with mean serum uric acid levels (β coefficient, 0.14 for quintile 5 versus quintile 1 [95% CI, 0.02– 0.26]) but not with hyperuricemia